{"id":407,"date":"2025-09-25T09:22:31","date_gmt":"2025-09-25T07:22:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/menalib.bibliothek.uni-halle.de\/?page_id=407"},"modified":"2025-10-22T13:58:24","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T11:58:24","slug":"central-asia-persia-and-afghanistan-1834-1922-from-silk-road-to-soviet-rule","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/english\/digital-resources\/licensed-databases\/central-asia-persia-and-afghanistan-1834-1922-from-silk-road-to-soviet-rule\/","title":{"rendered":"Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan, 1834-1922: From Silk Road to Soviet Rule"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"407\" class=\"elementor elementor-407\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-492ae7d7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"492ae7d7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ebb01a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6ebb01a1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fe47859 elementor-widget elementor-widget-breadcrumbs\" data-id=\"7fe47859\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"breadcrumbs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"breadcrumbs\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/english\/\">Home page<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34850953 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"34850953\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c4341c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c4341c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5abd3d67 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5abd3d67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7667ad47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7667ad47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The collection contains documents from the British National Archives on the history of Persia, Central Asia and Afghanistan. These range from correspondence or minutes to<span id=\"more-13538\"><\/span> Intelligence reports, newspaper extracts and maps.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d9111f elementor-position-left elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-mobile-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"3d9111f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralasiapersiaandafghanistan.amdigital.co.uk\/?sessionId=&#038;sessionENC=bZvX%2fOzdAFPU7CScgdtaNLL%2fSKiawZAjckyM7KhvsRwCzv0MKpF2n94pDPPyY0QWl6YZpafI8HkZ%2f%2fdNfgOcjEDrIJE%2fl4D2o9tVSG6Mp7c%3d&#038;returnURL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.centralasiapersiaandafghanistan.amdigital.co.uk%2f&#038;JWTtoken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ0eXAiOiJFeHQiLCJkYXRhIjp7IldlYnNpdGVLZXkiOiJjZW50cmFsYXNpYXBlcnNpYWFuZGFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuIiwiT3JnYW5pc2F0aW9uSWQiOiI0MTMiLCJPcmdhbmlzYXRpb25OYW1lIjoiKERGRyBXSUI2MDU4KSBNYXJ0aW4tTHV0aGVyLVVuaXZlcnNpdMOkdCBIYWxsZS1XaXR0ZW5iZXJnIChNTFUpIGFuZCBVTEIgU2FjaHNlbiBBbmhhbHQiLCJBY2Nlc3NUeXBlIjoiRnVsbCIsIldlYnNpdGVJZCI6IjE2NyJ9LCJleHAiOjE3NjEwNDc2MjUsIm9pZCI6NDEzfQ.es2yG4dX7_gRc3bsvMkWjQmcjueqQvEN0bNAoshWvYo\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"To the archive\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-external-link-alt\" viewbox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M432,320H400a16,16,0,0,0-16,16V448H64V128H208a16,16,0,0,0,16-16V80a16,16,0,0,0-16-16H48A48,48,0,0,0,0,112V464a48,48,0,0,0,48,48H400a48,48,0,0,0,48-48V336A16,16,0,0,0,432,320ZM488,0h-128c-21.37,0-32.05,25.91-17,41l35.73,35.73L135,320.37a24,24,0,0,0,0,34L157.67,377a24,24,0,0,0,34,0L435.28,133.32,471,169c15,15,41,4.5,41-17V24A24,24,0,0,0,488,0Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.centralasiapersiaandafghanistan.amdigital.co.uk\/?sessionId=&#038;sessionENC=bZvX%2fOzdAFPU7CScgdtaNLL%2fSKiawZAjckyM7KhvsRwCzv0MKpF2n94pDPPyY0QWl6YZpafI8HkZ%2f%2fdNfgOcjEDrIJE%2fl4D2o9tVSG6Mp7c%3d&#038;returnURL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.centralasiapersiaandafghanistan.amdigital.co.uk%2f&#038;JWTtoken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ0eXAiOiJFeHQiLCJkYXRhIjp7IldlYnNpdGVLZXkiOiJjZW50cmFsYXNpYXBlcnNpYWFuZGFmZ2hhbmlzdGFuIiwiT3JnYW5pc2F0aW9uSWQiOiI0MTMiLCJPcmdhbmlzYXRpb25OYW1lIjoiKERGRyBXSUI2MDU4KSBNYXJ0aW4tTHV0aGVyLVVuaXZlcnNpdMOkdCBIYWxsZS1XaXR0ZW5iZXJnIChNTFUpIGFuZCBVTEIgU2FjaHNlbiBBbmhhbHQiLCJBY2Nlc3NUeXBlIjoiRnVsbCIsIldlYnNpdGVJZCI6IjE2NyJ9LCJleHAiOjE3NjEwNDc2MjUsIm9pZCI6NDEzfQ.es2yG4dX7_gRc3bsvMkWjQmcjueqQvEN0bNAoshWvYo\" target=\"_blank\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTo the archive\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1138eb05 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1138eb05\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bc0b66a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7bc0b66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"826\" src=\"https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/confidential-print-middle-east-covers-e1761046379718-992x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2289\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/confidential-print-middle-east-covers-e1761046379718-992x1024.jpg 992w, https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/confidential-print-middle-east-covers-e1761046379718-291x300.jpg 291w, https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/confidential-print-middle-east-covers-e1761046379718-768x793.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/confidential-print-middle-east-covers-e1761046379718-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2025\/10\/confidential-print-middle-east-covers-e1761046379718.jpg 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c8c6753 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5c8c6753\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e20170 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e20170\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c07c2bc elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4c07c2bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-540bf981 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"540bf981\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afc0c54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5afc0c54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the archive<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a2ceaa2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a2ceaa2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 id=\"inhalt\">Description of the provider <span class=\"footer-link small-print\">Adam Matthew Digital <\/span><\/h3><p>This collection of Foreign Office files examines the history of Persia (Iran), Central Asia and Afghanistan from the decline of the Silk Road in the first half of the 19th century to the establishment of Soviet rule over parts of the region in the early 1920s. It covers the era of \"The Great Game\" - a political and diplomatic confrontation between the Russian and British empires over influence, territory and trade in a vast region, from the Black Sea in the west to the Pamir Mountains in the east.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Consisting of correspondence, intelligence reports, agent diaries, logs, maps, newspaper clippings and other materials from the FO 65, FO 106, FO 371 and FO 539 series, this resource forms one of the largest existing historical documents relating to the region and offers insights into not only the impact of great power politics on the region, but also the peoples, cultures and societies of the region.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3>Font recognition and download<\/h3><p>The database is searchable in full text. The English texts in the archive were obtained by digital character recognition (OCR). Documents can be downloaded in their original layout as PDF files.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41fd147e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"41fd147e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-556936f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"556936f2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d1cd6f2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7d1cd6f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b376 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b376\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39d73ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"39d73ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Co-operation<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-282d9ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"282d9ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Licensing was carried out in cooperation with the <a href=\"https:\/\/crossasia.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Specialised Information Service Asia<\/a> and completes the \"Archives Direct\" series, from which <a href=\"https:\/\/dbis.ur.de\/\/dbliste.php?bib_id=ulb_hal&amp;colors=127&amp;ocolors=40&amp;lett=k&amp;jq_type1=AL&amp;jq_term1=&amp;jq_bool2=AND&amp;jq_not2=1&amp;jq_type2=KT&amp;jq_term2=Archives+Direct&amp;jq_bool3=AND&amp;jq_not3=1&amp;jq_type3=CO&amp;jq_term3=&amp;jq_bool4=AND&amp;jq_not4=1&amp;jq_type4=KW&amp;jq_term4=&amp;zugaenge=500&amp;formal_type=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">further national licences<\/a> through the <a href=\"https:\/\/crossasia.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Specialised Information Service Asia<\/a> were acquired.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-344a5be2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"344a5be2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2afff3a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2afff3a2\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c8bf6eb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6c8bf6eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41924230 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"41924230\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7870089d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7870089d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Access and help<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d35c061 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d35c061\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The database can be searched in full text. Documents can be downloaded in their original layout as PDF files. The service is available throughout Germany and at German institutes abroad via the system of<a href=\"https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/english\/digital-resources\/licensed-databases\/user-group-models-of-the-fid-licences\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> national licences<\/a> accessible free of charge.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The collection contains documents from the British National Archives on the history of Persia, Central Asia and Afghanistan. These range from correspondence and minutes to intelligence reports, newspaper excerpts and maps. About the archive About the archive Description of the provider Adam Matthew Digital This collection of Foreign Office files examines the history of Persia (Iran), Central Asia and Afghanistan from the decline of the [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":368,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-407","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan, 1834-1922: From Silk Road to Soviet Rule - MENAlib - Webportal des FID Nahost-, Nordafrika- und Islamstudien<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.menalib.de\/english\/digital-resources\/licensed-databases\/central-asia-persia-and-afghanistan-1834-1922-from-silk-road-to-soviet-rule\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan, 1834-1922: From Silk Road to Soviet Rule - MENAlib - Webportal des FID Nahost-, Nordafrika- und Islamstudien\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Die Sammlung enth\u00e4lt Dokumente des britischen Nationalarchivs zur Geschichte Persiens, \u200eZentralasiens und Afghanistan. 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